{"id":8410,"date":"2022-04-18T17:19:11","date_gmt":"2022-04-18T15:19:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/webpubli-preproduccion.altermutua.com\/?p=8410"},"modified":"2023-03-09T13:30:23","modified_gmt":"2023-03-09T12:30:23","slug":"qui-es-pot-operar-la-vista","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/webpubli-preproduccion.altermutua.com\/ca\/qui-es-pot-operar-la-vista\/","title":{"rendered":"Cirurgia ocular: quan \u00e9s recomanable i per a qui"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u00e0sicament, hi ha dues raons per sotmetre\u2019s a una intervenci\u00f3 quir\u00fargica dels ulls. Una \u00e9s m\u00e8dica i inclou el despreniment de retina o les cataractes. Els \u00fanics tractaments de qu\u00e8 disposem contra problemes amb aquestes caracter\u00edstiques s\u00f3n quir\u00fargics, \u00e9s a dir una operaci\u00f3.<\/p>\n

L\u2019altra ra\u00f3 no \u00e9s purament m\u00e8dica, sin\u00f3 que \u00e9s una opci\u00f3 per corregir els defectes de refracci\u00f3, que s\u00f3n en ess\u00e8ncia tres: la hipermetropia, la miopia i l\u2019astigmatisme (ametropies segons la terminologia m\u00e8dica). En termes estrictes, per a aquestes anomalies tenim alternatives a la intervenci\u00f3 quir\u00fargica: fer servir ulleres o lentilles. Ara b\u00e9, les operacions s\u00f3n segures i posen fi a la inc\u00f2moda necessitat d\u2019haver de dur ulleres o lentilles. Tot seguit definirem breument qu\u00e8 s\u00f3n els defectes de refracci\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Els ulls<\/strong><\/h3>\n

S\u00f3n un sistema \u00f2ptic que permet de formar imatges a la retina (la membrana sensible a la llum que trobem a la paret interna dels ulls). La imatge es transmet pel nervi \u00f2ptic al cervell, que la rep i la interpreta.<\/p>\n

Cada ull t\u00e9 un determinat poder de refracci\u00f3, una certa pot\u00e8ncia. Les anomalies en el poder de refracci\u00f3, o ametropies, causen que la imatge no es formi prou n\u00edtida a la retina, i s\u00f3n les que motiven consultes m\u00e9s sovint en oftalmologia. Tal com hem indicat, n\u2019hi ha de tres classes: la miopia, la hipermetropia i l\u2019astigmatisme.<\/p>\n

Les ametropies<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Miopia<\/strong><\/h4>\n

S\u00f3n miops les persones que no hi veuen b\u00e9 de lluny. El mecanisme causant \u00e9s que les imatges convergeixen davant de la retina i, per tant, hi arriben distorsionades. Els objectes distants es desenfoquen i el pacient no els veu b\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Hipermetropia<\/strong><\/h4>\n

La hipermetropia \u00e9s el cas contrari de la miopia: les imatges es formen darrere de la retina. La conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncia \u00e9s que el pacient no hi veu b\u00e9 de prop.<\/p>\n

Astigmatisme<\/strong><\/h4>\n

\u00c9s un trastorn m\u00e9s complex i el causa una desigualtat en els eixos principals (o meridians) dels ulls; per tant, les imatges tenen diferents punts d\u2019enfocament a la retina en comptes de convergir en un \u00fanic punt. En aquest cas, el pacient hi veu malament tant de lluny com de prop.<\/p>\n

L\u2019operaci\u00f3: cirurgia refractiva<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u00c9s fonamental que el diagn\u00f2stic sigui molt prec\u00eds, perqu\u00e8 determinar\u00e0 l\u2019\u00e8xit de la intervenci\u00f3. Sovint \u00e9s dif\u00edcil decidir si un pacient es pot operar o no i quina t\u00e8cnica s\u2019ha d\u2019emprar en cada cas. Cada pacient t\u00e9 un problema molt concret i la soluci\u00f3 ha de ser del tot personalitzada. En aquest sentit, com que la cirurgia avan\u00e7a de manera constant, les t\u00e8cniques es continuaran perfeccionant.<\/p>\n

Tanmateix, no tots els pacients es poden operar.<\/p>\n

Qui es pot operar<\/strong><\/h3>\n

El criteris b\u00e0sics per decidir si una persona es pot sotmetre a la cirurgia refractiva s\u00f3n dos:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Cal que tingui m\u00e9s de 18 anys. En aquesta edat es considera que ja ha acabat el creixement de l\u2019ull i el pacient ja \u00e9s madur en termes oculars.<\/li>\n
  • El defecte visual ha de ser estable, \u00e9s a dir, no pot haver variat el nombre de di\u00f2ptries en m\u00e9s d\u2019una l\u2019any abans de la intervenci\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Qui no es pot operar<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    Parlem de contraindicacions absolutes i relatives.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Les absolutes<\/strong> s\u00f3n:\n
        \n
      • L\u2019embar\u00e0s.<\/li>\n
      • Els trastorns greus de la personalitat o els trastorns psic\u00f2tics.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
      • Les relatives<\/strong>:\n
          \n
        • Patir malalties autoimmunit\u00e0ries.<\/li>\n
        • Haver tingut brots epil\u00e8ptics el darrer any.<\/li>\n
        • Tenir cicatrius queloides.<\/li>\n
        • Tenir altres trastorns oculars, com el glaucoma o una retinopatia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          En tot cas, una consideraci\u00f3 general dels oftalm\u00f2legs \u00e9s que val m\u00e9s no operar si hi ha cap factor que en pugui comprometre l\u2019\u00e8xit, perqu\u00e8 una mala indicaci\u00f3 de la intervenci\u00f3 augmenta el perill de tenir complicacions m\u00e9s endavant.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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